"es" meaning in Old Norse

See es in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er). Etymology templates: {{inh|non|gem-pro|*iz||he; 3rd person personal pronoun}} Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”), {{cog|got|𐌹𐍃}} Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), {{cog|goh|er|ēr}} Old High German ēr, {{cog|de|er}} German er Head templates: {{head|non|conjunctions}} es
  1. archaic form of er (“when, where”) Tags: alt-of, archaic Alternative form of: er (extra: when, where)
    Sense id: en-es-non-conj-VnyCnAxN Categories (other): Old High German links with redundant target parameters, Old Norse entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old High German links with redundant target parameters: 24 0 28 19 29 Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with incorrect language header: 42 22 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Pronoun

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er). Etymology templates: {{inh|non|gem-pro|*iz||he; 3rd person personal pronoun}} Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”), {{cog|got|𐌹𐍃}} Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), {{cog|goh|er|ēr}} Old High German ēr, {{cog|de|er}} German er Head templates: {{head|non|pronouns}} es
  1. archaic form of er (“which, that”) Tags: alt-of, archaic Alternative form of: er (extra: which, that)
    Sense id: en-es-non-pron-7mp-Zd3a Categories (other): Old High German links with redundant target parameters, Old Norse entries with incorrect language header, Old Norse pronouns Disambiguation of Old High German links with redundant target parameters: 24 0 28 19 29 Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with incorrect language header: 42 22 35 Disambiguation of Old Norse pronouns: 32 48 20
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var). Etymology templates: {{root|non|ine-pro|*h₁es-}}, {{inh|non|gmq-pro|ᛁᛊᛏ}} Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), {{inh|non|gem-pro|*isti}} Proto-Germanic *isti Head templates: {{head|non|verb form}} es
  1. archaic form of er, third-person singular indicative present of vera Tags: alt-of, archaic Alternative form of: er, third-person singular indicative present of vera
    Sense id: en-es-non-verb-XtwXJHB7 Categories (other): Old High German links with redundant target parameters, Old Norse entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old High German links with redundant target parameters: 24 0 28 19 29 Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with incorrect language header: 42 22 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁es-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gmq-pro",
        "3": "ᛁᛊᛏ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*isti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *isti",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "word": "third-person singular indicative present of vera"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 0 28 19 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 22 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "archaic form of er, third-person singular indicative present of vera"
      ],
      "id": "en-es-non-verb-XtwXJHB7",
      "links": [
        [
          "er",
          "er#Old_Norse"
        ],
        [
          "vera",
          "vera#Old_Norse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "es"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "he; 3rd person personal pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "er",
        "3": "ēr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ēr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "German er",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "which, that",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 0 28 19 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 22 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 48 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "archaic form of er (“which, that”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-es-non-pron-7mp-Zd3a",
      "links": [
        [
          "er",
          "er#Old_Norse"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ],
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "es"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "he; 3rd person personal pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "er",
        "3": "ēr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ēr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "German er",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "conjunctions"
      },
      "expansion": "es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "when, where",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 0 28 19 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 22 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "archaic form of er (“when, where”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-es-non-conj-VnyCnAxN",
      "links": [
        [
          "er",
          "er#Old_Norse"
        ],
        [
          "when",
          "when"
        ],
        [
          "where",
          "where"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
    "Old Norse conjunctions",
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse non-lemma forms",
    "Old Norse pronouns",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse",
    "Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse",
    "Old Norse verb forms",
    "Pages with 57 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁es-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gmq-pro",
        "3": "ᛁᛊᛏ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*isti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *isti",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "er"
        },
        {
          "word": "third-person singular indicative present of vera"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse archaic forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "archaic form of er, third-person singular indicative present of vera"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "er",
          "er#Old_Norse"
        ],
        [
          "vera",
          "vera#Old_Norse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
    "Old Norse conjunctions",
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse pronouns",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 57 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "he; 3rd person personal pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "er",
        "3": "ēr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ēr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "German er",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "which, that",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse archaic forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "archaic form of er (“which, that”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "er",
          "er#Old_Norse"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ],
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "es"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old High German links with redundant target parameters",
    "Old Norse conjunctions",
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse pronouns",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 57 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "he; 3rd person personal pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐍃"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "er",
        "3": "ēr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ēr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "German er",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "conjunctions"
      },
      "expansion": "es",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "when, where",
          "word": "er"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse archaic forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "archaic form of er (“when, where”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "er",
          "er#Old_Norse"
        ],
        [
          "when",
          "when"
        ],
        [
          "where",
          "where"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "es"
}

Download raw JSONL data for es meaning in Old Norse (4.4kB)

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  "path": [
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    "#invoke",
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    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
  ],
  "section": "Old Norse",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "es",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 537957535<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 17:35:00 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "es",
    "Template:inh",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
  ],
  "section": "Old Norse",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "es",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 511335897<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 17:35:55 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.